How Long to Read Placebo and Pain

How Long Does it Take to Read Placebo and Pain?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 14 minutes to read Placebo and Pain by Fabrizio Benedetti

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the neurochemistry of placebo effects and there is now compelling experimental evidence that different neuronal networks are responsible for different types of expectation-induced placebo effects. These include both opioid and nonopioid systems such as endocannabinoids and cholecystokinin (CCK). In general, what has emerged over the past few years is that the endogenous opioids and endocannabinoids are involved in placebo analgesia in different circumstances whereas CCK plays a key role in the opposite effect, namely, nocebo hyperalgesia. Therefore, the placebo–nocebo phenomenon can be envisioned as a continuum whereby different neurotransmitters are activated by different expectations, ranging from positive to negative.

How long is Placebo and Pain?

Placebo and Pain by Fabrizio Benedetti is 312 pages long, and a total of 78,624 words.

This makes it 105% the length of the average book. It also has 96% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Placebo and Pain Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 9 minutes to read Placebo and Pain aloud.

What Reading Level is Placebo and Pain?

Placebo and Pain is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Placebo and Pain?

Placebo and Pain by Fabrizio Benedetti is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Placebo and Pain by Fabrizio Benedetti on Amazon click the button below.