How Long to Read Policies of Chaos

How Long Does it Take to Read Policies of Chaos?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 25 minutes to read Policies of Chaos by Lynn T. White III

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The tumult of the Cultural Revolution after 1966 is often blamed on a few leaders in Beijing, or on long-term egalitarian ideals, or on communist or Chinese political cultures. Lynn White shows, however, that the chaos resulted mainly from reactions by masses of individuals and small groups to three specific policies of administrative manipulation: labeling groups, designating bosses, and legitimating violence in political campaigns. These habits of local organization were common after 1949 and gave the state success in short-term revolutionary aims, despite scarce resources and staff--but they also drove millions to attack each other later. First, measures accumulated before 1966 to give people bad or good names (such as "rightist" or "worker"); these set a family's access to employment, education, residence, and rations--so they gave interests to potential conflict groups. Second, policies for bossism went far beyond Confucian patronage patterns, making work units tightly dependent on Party monitors--so rational individuals either pandered to local bosses or (when they could) deposed them. Third, the institutionalized violence of political campaigns both mobilized activists and scared others into compliance. These organizational measures were often effective in the short run before 1966 but accumulated social costs that China paid later. The book ends with comparisons to past cases of mass urban ostracism in other countries, and it suggests how such tragedies may be forecast or prevented in the future. Originally published in 1989. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

How long is Policies of Chaos?

Policies of Chaos by Lynn T. White III is 382 pages long, and a total of 96,264 words.

This makes it 129% the length of the average book. It also has 118% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Policies of Chaos Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 8 hours and 46 minutes to read Policies of Chaos aloud.

What Reading Level is Policies of Chaos?

Policies of Chaos is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Policies of Chaos?

Policies of Chaos by Lynn T. White III is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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