How Long to Read Policy Uncertainty in Japan

How Long Does it Take to Read Policy Uncertainty in Japan?

It takes the average reader and 49 minutes to read Policy Uncertainty in Japan by Ms.Elif C Arbatli

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

We develop new economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices for Japan from January 1987 onwards building on the approach of Baker, Bloom and Davis (2016). Each index reflects the frequency of newspaper articles that contain certain terms pertaining to the economy, policy matters and uncertainty. Our overall EPU index co-varies positively with implied volatilities for Japanese equities, exchange rates and interest rates and with a survey-based measure of political uncertainty. The EPU index rises around contested national elections and major leadership transitions in Japan, during the Asian Financial Crisis and in reaction to the Lehman Brothers failure, U.S. debt downgrade in 2011, Brexit referendum, and Japan’s recent decision to defer a consumption tax hike. Our uncertainty indices for fiscal, monetary, trade and exchange rate policy co-vary positively but also display distinct dynamics. VAR models imply that upward EPU innovations foreshadow deteriorations in Japan’s macroeconomic performance, as reflected by impulse response functions for investment, employment and output. Our study adds to evidence that credible policy plans and strong policy frameworks can favorably influence macroeconomic performance by, in part, reducing policy uncertainty.

How long is Policy Uncertainty in Japan?

Policy Uncertainty in Japan by Ms.Elif C Arbatli is 48 pages long, and a total of 12,384 words.

This makes it 16% the length of the average book. It also has 15% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Policy Uncertainty in Japan Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 7 minutes to read Policy Uncertainty in Japan aloud.

What Reading Level is Policy Uncertainty in Japan?

Policy Uncertainty in Japan is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Policy Uncertainty in Japan?

Policy Uncertainty in Japan by Ms.Elif C Arbatli is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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