How Long to Read Positive Feedback in Natural Systems

How Long Does it Take to Read Positive Feedback in Natural Systems?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 50 minutes to read Positive Feedback in Natural Systems by Donald L. DeAngelis

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Cybernetics, a science concerned with understanding how systems are regulated, has reflected the preoccupations of the century in which it was born. Regulation is important in twentieth century society, where both machines and social organizations are complex. Cybernetics focused on and became primarily associated with the homeostasis or stability of system behavior and with the negative feedbacks that stabilize systems. It paid less attention to the processes opposite to negative feedback, the positive feedback processes that act to change systems. We attempt to redress the balance here by illustrating the enormous importance of positive feedbacks in natural systems. In an article in the American Scientist in 1963, Maruyama called for increased attention to this topic, noting that processes of change could occur when a "deviation in anyone component of the system caused deviations in other components that acted back on the first component to reinforce of amplify the initial deviation." The deviation amplification is the result of positive feedback among system components. Maruyama demonstrated by numerous examples that the neglect of such processes was unjustified and suggested that a new branch of cybernetics, "the second cybernetics," be devoted to their study.

How long is Positive Feedback in Natural Systems?

Positive Feedback in Natural Systems by Donald L. DeAngelis is 290 pages long, and a total of 72,500 words.

This makes it 98% the length of the average book. It also has 89% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Positive Feedback in Natural Systems Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 36 minutes to read Positive Feedback in Natural Systems aloud.

What Reading Level is Positive Feedback in Natural Systems?

Positive Feedback in Natural Systems is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Positive Feedback in Natural Systems?

Positive Feedback in Natural Systems by Donald L. DeAngelis is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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