How Long to Read Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab

How Long Does it Take to Read Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab?

It takes the average reader and 39 minutes to read Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab by Derek Byerlee

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

November 2000 The introduction of green revolution technologies in wheat and rice production in Pakistan's Punjab province reversed the country's food crisis and stimulated rapid agricultural and economic growth. But resource degradation through intensification, monocropping, and mismanagement of water resources has offset much of the productivity effect of technological change. The introduction of green revolution technologies in wheat and rice production in Asia in the mid-1960s reversed the food crisis and stimulated rapid agricultural and economic growth. But the sustain-ability of this intensification strategy is being questioned in light of the heavy use of external inputs and growing evidence of a slowdown in productivity growth and degradation of the resource base. Ali and Byerlee address the critical issue of long-term productivity and the sustainability of Pakistan's irrigated agriculture. To estimate changes in total factor productivity in four production systems of Punjab province, they assemble district-level data on 33 crops, 8 livestock products, and 17 input categories. They find that average annual growth in total factor productivity was moderately high (1.26 percent) for both crops and livestock for the period 1966-94, but observe wide variation in productivity growth by cropping system. A second, disaggregated data set on soil and water quality reveals significant resource degradation. The authors use the two data sets to decompose the effects of technical change and resource degradation through application of a cost function. They find that continuous and widespread resource degradation (as measured by soil and water quality variables) has had a significant negative effect on productivity, especially in the wheat-rice system, where resource degradation has more than offset the productivity effects of technological change. Degradation of the health of the agro-ecosystem was related in part to modern technologies, monocropping, and mismanagement of water resources. The results call for urgent analysis of technology and policy options to arrest the degradation of resources. This paper--a joint product of the Rural Development Department and the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center--is part of a larger effort to support the development of sustainable intensification of irrigated agricultural systems. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "Total Factor Productivity Growth in Post-Green Revolution Agriculture of Pakistan and Northwest India." Mubarik Ali may be contacted at [email protected].

How long is Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab?

Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab by Derek Byerlee is 38 pages long, and a total of 9,804 words.

This makes it 13% the length of the average book. It also has 12% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 53 minutes to read Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab aloud.

What Reading Level is Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab?

Productivity Growth and Resources Degradation in Pakistan's Punjab is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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