How Long to Read Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives

How Long Does it Take to Read Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 45 minutes to read Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives by Israel Gilead

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Causal uncertainty is a wide-spread phenomenon. Courts are often unable to determine whether a defendant’s tortious conduct was a factual cause of a plaintiff’s harm. Yet, sometimes courts can determine the probability that the defendant caused the plaintiff’s harm, although often there is considerable variance in the probability estimate based on the available evidence. The conventional way to cope with this uncertainty has been to apply the evidentiary rule of ‘standard of proof’. The application of this ‘all or nothing’ rule can lead to unfairness by absolving defendants who acted tortiously and may also create undesirable incentives that result in greater wrongful conduct and injustice to victims. Some courts have decided that this ‘no-liability’ outcome is undesirable. They have adopted rules of proportional liability that compensate plaintiffs according to the probability that their harm was caused by the defendant’s tortious conduct. In 2005 the Principles of European Tort Law (PETL) made a breakthrough in this regard by embracing rules of proportional liability. This project, building on PETL, endeavours to make further inquiries into the desirable scope of proportional liability and to offer a more detailed view of its meaning, implications, and ramifications.

How long is Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives?

Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives by Israel Gilead is 396 pages long, and a total of 101,376 words.

This makes it 134% the length of the average book. It also has 124% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 9 hours and 13 minutes to read Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives aloud.

What Reading Level is Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives?

Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives?

Proportional Liability: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives by Israel Gilead is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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