It takes the average reader 2 hours and 19 minutes to read Railroads and Weather by Stanley Changnon
Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more
MUCH OF MY WEATHER and climate research over the past 50 years has focused on how atmospheric conditions impact the environment, the ec- omy, and human activities/health. These studies have led to several scientific papers and two books, one about the great floods of 1993 and the other about El Niño, 1997/98. Coupled with this scientific career orientation was a li- long interest in railroads. This avocation led me to write six books and numerous articles about many facets of railroads. The coupling of these two central intellectual interests led to the preparation of this book. Prior to the 1980 deregulation of the industry, there were many more railroads in operation. This text focuses on weather impacts and railroad adjustments since the 1940s. It covers decades when the challenges of weather and climate were faced by a larger number of companies, and this is well emphasized in the wide variety of photographs, which show trains belonging to companies that have now been absorbed or otherwise relegated to the halls of history. Most of the photographs were taken by me and two of my sons, David and Marc. Several friends supplied other photographs. This book has been made possible by several persons and institutions.
Railroads and Weather by Stanley Changnon is 136 pages long, and a total of 34,816 words.
This makes it 46% the length of the average book. It also has 43% more words than the average book.
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 10 minutes to read Railroads and Weather aloud.
Railroads and Weather is suitable for students ages 10 and up.
Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.
When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.
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