How Long to Read Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration

How Long Does it Take to Read Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 9 minutes to read Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration by Karen Gail Low

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

A lack of therapeutic technologies that enable electrically stimulating nervous tissues in a facile and clinically relevant manner has partly hindered the advancement in treating nerve injuries for full functional recovery. Currently, the gold standard for nerve repair is autologous nerve grafting. However, this method has several disadvantages, such as necessity for multiple surgeries, creation of functionally impaired region where graft was taken from, disproportion of graft to nerve tissue in size and structure, and most substantially, high risk of neuroma formation. Therefore, there is an increasing need for the development of alternative strategies to enhance nerve regeneration. To address these limitations, the development of a piezoelectric neuroconduit that can self-generate optimized levels of electrical stimulation can be utilized to wrap a damaged nerve and remotely activated by acoustically-driven piezoelectricity. Unlike biochemical-embedded conduit in which the release of neurotrophic factors is limited by loading or electro-conductive conduit in which only passive electrical stimulation by autologous cells is possible without intrusive electrodes, the piezoelectric conduit provides unlimited opportunity to properly stimulate the neuronal cells in vivo. In this regard, a piezoelectric scaffold was developed using electrospinning technology and its piezoelectric performance was optimized by controlling the fiber diameter and scaffold thickness. Various types of neural cells including PC12 cells, Schwann cells, and neural stem cells (NSCs), were subjected to mechanical/electrical stimulation to examine their behavioral changes. When PC12 cells, a model system for neurons, were subjected to multi-day application of mechanical/electrical stimulation, enhancements in neurite formation and elongation were observed. Alternatively, mechanical/electrical stimulation induced Schwan cells, the glial cell of the peripheral nervous system, to differentiate into its myelinating phenotype and induced the enhanced production of the neurotrophic protein, nerve growth factor. Aside from enhancing the functionality of neuronal and glial cells, mechanical/electrical stimulation also induced the differentiation of NSCs towards the functional cell types of the central nervous system, neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Therefore, this project develops a novel method for enhancing nerve regeneration by modulating neuron and glial cell functionality for the repair of nerve injuries.

How long is Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration?

Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration by Karen Gail Low is 245 pages long, and a total of 62,475 words.

This makes it 83% the length of the average book. It also has 76% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 41 minutes to read Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration aloud.

What Reading Level is Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration?

Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration?

Remote-activated Electrical Stimulation Via Piezoelectric Scaffold System for Functional Nerve Regeneration by Karen Gail Low is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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