It takes the average reader and 54 minutes to read Robert Stawell Ball - Great Astronomers by Robert Stawell Ball
Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more
Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) was an Irish physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who made important contributions to mechanics, optics, and algebra. As a teenager, he mastered parts of Newton's Principia and studied Laplace's celestial mechanics treatise. When barely 22, Hamilton became a professor of astronomy at University of Dublin, however he was more interested in theoretical rather than practical astronomy. His studies of mechanical and optical systems led him to discover new mathematical concepts and techniques. His greatest contribution is perhaps the reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, now called Hamiltonian mechanics. This work has proven central to the modern study of classical field theories such as electromagnetism, and to the development of quantum mechanics. In mathematics, he is perhaps best known as the inventor of the quaternion, which is a mathematical concept that find uses in both theoretical and applied mathematics, in particular for calculations involving three-dimensional rotations such as in three-dimensional computer graphics, computer vision, and the attitude-control systems of spacecraft. Hamilton is said to have shown immense talent at a very early age. He had a remarkable aptitude for languages as a youth. As a young man, his talents turned to mathematics of astronomy and physics. Astronomer John Brinkley remarked of the 18-year-old Hamilton, "This young man, I do not say will be, but is, the first mathematician of his age."
Robert Stawell Ball - Great Astronomers by Robert Stawell Ball is 54 pages long, and a total of 13,716 words.
This makes it 18% the length of the average book. It also has 17% more words than the average book.
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 14 minutes to read Robert Stawell Ball - Great Astronomers aloud.
Robert Stawell Ball - Great Astronomers is suitable for students ages 8 and up.
Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.
When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.
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