How Long to Read Russia's and the EU's Sanctions

How Long Does it Take to Read Russia's and the EU's Sanctions?

It takes the average reader and 56 minutes to read Russia's and the EU's Sanctions by Oliver Fritz

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This report summarises empirical facts about the economic impact of the EU sanctions against Russia and the Russian countersanctions, both implemented in the summer of 2014. The observed decline in trade volumes between the EU and Russia is not only due to the sanctions, but also other economic factors, such as the downturn of the Russian economy, largely caused by the falling oil price and the ensuing ruble depreciation. Furthermore, empirical evidence suggests that European and Russian companies alike managed to partly divert trade flows to other international markets in response to the deteriorating trade relationships. Overall trade diversion, however, cannot nearly compensate for losses of EU exports to Russia and thus mitigate the economy-wide negative impacts. Finally, descriptive evidence and additional information seem to indicate that compliance with the sanctions was partly circumvented right after the implementation of the sanctions in 2014, in particular for agri-food goods via countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Legal trade diversion through countries unaffected by the sanctions has also taken place. It is important to emphasise that this study does not assess the political costs or effectiveness of the sanctions, but merely analyses potential economic costs caused by all sanction measures in place.

How long is Russia's and the EU's Sanctions?

Russia's and the EU's Sanctions by Oliver Fritz is 55 pages long, and a total of 14,025 words.

This makes it 19% the length of the average book. It also has 17% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Russia's and the EU's Sanctions Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 16 minutes to read Russia's and the EU's Sanctions aloud.

What Reading Level is Russia's and the EU's Sanctions?

Russia's and the EU's Sanctions is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Russia's and the EU's Sanctions?

Russia's and the EU's Sanctions by Oliver Fritz is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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