How Long to Read Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi

How Long Does it Take to Read Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 12 minutes to read Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi by April Nicole Frake

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

A primary means of increasing agricultural productivity to reduce global food insecurity is through intensification, including scaling irrigation measures (USAID, 2014). Aid agencies have strongly promoted agricultural intensification efforts to increase productivity and improve overall livelihoods. While scaling of irrigated agriculture has demonstrated significant boosts in productivity (ADB, 2013; Melaine & Nonvide, 2017), agrarian transformation of the landscape through irrigated agricultural practices is associated with a number of water-related diseases (Hunter et al., 1993; Lacey & Lacey, 1990; Mather & That, 1984) including malaria (Ghebreyesus et al., 1999; Koudou et al., 2005; Oomen, De Wolf, & Jobin, 1988). The government of Malawi established through the Green Belt Initiative (GBI) a long-term program aimed at land use modifications for the development of small and large-scale irrigation. While Malawians continue to face challenges directly related to food insecurity, the country is simultaneously holoendemic for malaria, wherein the disease is found in essentially all members of the population.This research investigates changes in disease dynamics of seasonal malaria cycles as a result of land transformation for irrigated agriculture using remote sensing and spatial analytical approaches. It is conducted against a backdrop of scaling up irrigated agricultural solutions across varying sectors, and myriad actors. To that end, the meaning of 'scaling up' is analyzed across Research and Development (R&D) institutions and a conceptual framework of scaling up was constructed to promote ontological agreement of scaling up from defining programs through to final evaluation of success. Three scenarios for estimated spatio-temporal distribution of suitablearea for mosquito breeding pool formation and persistence were produced for the Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme (BVIS) using remotely sensed and field-based data. In addition, an estimation of habitat suitability during the dry season was produced for the 8-km area surrounding BVIS, the Bwanje Valley. Potential malaria transmission at the national scale driven by the GBI is presented through analysis of the current extent of irrigated agriculture, proposed expansion, and historic malaria prevalence data assessed by the 2012, 2014, and 2017 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) in combination with the results of a habitat suitability model generated in Google Earth Engine. The conclusions from this study provide a strong foundation for agricultural land use decision making with respect to malaria transmission across Malawi.

How long is Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi?

Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi by April Nicole Frake is 365 pages long, and a total of 93,075 words.

This makes it 123% the length of the average book. It also has 114% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 8 hours and 28 minutes to read Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi aloud.

What Reading Level is Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi?

Scaling Irrigation and Malaria Risk in Malawi is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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