How Long to Read Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment

How Long Does it Take to Read Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 14 minutes to read Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Air-pumps, electrical machines, colliding ivory balls, coloured sparks, mechanical planetariums, magic mirrors, hot-air balloons - these are just a sample of the devices displayed in public demonstrations of science in the eighteenth century. Public and private demonstrations of natural philosophy in Europe then differed vastly from today's unadorned and anonymous laboratory experiments. Science was cultivated for a variety of purposes in many different places; scientific instruments were built and used for investigative and didactic experiments as well as for entertainment and popular shows. Between the culture of curiosities which characterized the seventeenth century and the distinction between academic and popular science that gradually emerged in the nineteenth, the eighteenth century was a period when scientific activities took place in a variety of sites, ranging from academies, and learned societies to salons and popular fairs, shops and streets. This collection of case studies describing public demonstrations in Britain, Germany, Italy and France exemplifies the wide variety of settings for scientific activities in the European Enlightenment. Filled with sparks and smells, the essays raise broader issues about the ways in which modern science established its legitimacy and social acceptability. They point to two major features of the cultures of science in the eighteenth-century: entertainment and utility. Experimental demonstrations were attended by apothecaries and craftsmen for vocational purposes. At the same time, they had to fit in with the taste of both polite society and market culture. Public demonstrations were a favourite entertainment for ladies and gentlemen and a profitable activity for instrument makers and booksellers.

How long is Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment?

Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent is 188 pages long, and a total of 48,504 words.

This makes it 63% the length of the average book. It also has 59% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 25 minutes to read Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment aloud.

What Reading Level is Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment?

Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment?

Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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