How Long to Read Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation

How Long Does it Take to Read Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 17 minutes to read Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation by M. Luckner

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

1. Secondary Metabolism and Differentiation In addition to the primary metabolic reactions, which are similar in all living beings (formation and breakdown of nucleic acids and proteins as well as of their precursors, of most carbohy drates, of some carboxylic acids, etc. ), a vast number of metab olic pathways lead to the formation of compounds peculiar to a few species or even to a single chemical race only. These reac tions, in accord with CZAPEK (1921) and PAECH (1950), are summed up under the term "secondary metabolism", and their products are called "secondary metabolites. " The wide variety of secondary products formed in nature includes such well-known groups as alkaloids, antibiotics, cardiac glyco sides, tannins, saponins, volatile oils, and others. A consider able number of them are of economic importance in therapeutics or technology. Although secondary products are produced by micro organisms, higher plants, and animals (cf. LUCKNER, 1972), most of the substances are found in the plant kingdom. The lack of mechanisms for true excretion in higher plants may result in this unequal distribution, the "waste products" of metabolism in plants instead being accumulated in the vacuoles, the cell walls, or in special excretory cells or spaces of the organism ("metabolic excretion," cf. FREY-WYSSLING, 1935, 1970; MOTHES, 1966a, b, 1972; LUCKNER et al. , 1976. Many secondary substances have, however, a direct biologic func tion. They can be regulatory effectors, e. g.

How long is Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation?

Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation by M. Luckner is 135 pages long, and a total of 34,425 words.

This makes it 46% the length of the average book. It also has 42% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 8 minutes to read Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation aloud.

What Reading Level is Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation?

Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Secondary Metabolism and Cell Differentiation?

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