How Long to Read Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy

How Long Does it Take to Read Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy?

It takes the average reader and 8 minutes to read Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy by Sophie Duhnkrack

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, grade: 85, Ben Gurion University, language: English, abstract: Heresy and orthodoxy are problematic terms to refer to in Islam since this religion does not sustain authorities, councils, synods, or organs which a vast Muslim majority recognizes and which are entitled to direct orthodoxy—a necessary guideline to be able to determine what is heresy. Instead it is the ‘Consensus’ among Muslims and scholars which constitutes the “supreme authority in all questions of religious practice.” However, the term heresy is not unknown in Muslim circles. The Arabic language knows many different words describing ‘heresy,’ but none of them can be used as a synonym for the term as employed by the Christian Churches; to express this term explicitly, they had to introduce a word from European or Christian origin: “hartagqa,” “hurtuqi” “hartiqi.” Sectarianism started very early after the advent of Islam, under the reign of the Umayyads. Bernard Lewis’ article “Some Observations on the Significance of Heresy in the History of Islam” shows, that Islamic history and early Islamic documents illustrate a discussion about the connection between heresy and sectarianism. Generally speaking, heresy was applied to sectarians in a rather loosely manner: “the sectarian, though some of his doctrines may in time be excluded by the cumulative force of the Consensus from the main stream of Islam, is still a Muslim.” The following essay will explore sectarianism under the Umayyads and ‘Abbasids, continually referring to the terms of orthodoxy and heresy. It will analyse political and religious opposition offered by the various non-Sunni factions.

How long is Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy?

Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy by Sophie Duhnkrack is 8 pages long, and a total of 2,064 words.

This makes it 3% the length of the average book. It also has 3% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 11 minutes to read Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy aloud.

What Reading Level is Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy?

Sectarianism under the Umayyads and Abbasids, orthodoxy and heresy is suitable for students ages 6 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

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