How Long to Read Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System

How Long Does it Take to Read Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 5 minutes to read Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System by Juan Andrés Orellana

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Given that the extremely elaborated and dynamic functions performed by the nervous system require the close synchronization of brain cells, complex organisms have developed different mechanisms of intercellular communication. At this regard, paracrine signaling between neighboring cells is currently recognized as one of the most widely distributed mechanisms of synchronization in the brain parenchyma. In mammals, paracrine signaling is in part mediated by single membrane channels formed by connexins (connexons/hemichannels) or pannexins (pannexons), which are two different membrane protein families composed of about 20 and 3 members, respectively. Single membrane channels formed by these proteins serve as aqueous pores permeable to ions and small molecules, allowing the diffusional exchange between the intra- and extracellular milieu. Thus, connexin hemichannels and pannexons permit the release of significant quantities of autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules (e.g., ATP, glutamate, NAD+, adenosine and PGE2) into the extracellular milieu, as well as the uptake of small molecules. An increasing body of evidence has revealed that connexin hemichannels and pannexons play a crucial role in a plethora of brain processes including blood flow regulation, Ca2+ wave propagation, memory consolidation, glucose sensing and cell migration and adhesion. Considering the multiple cell signaling functions of these channels, their dysregulation is proposed not only as potential pathological biomarker, but it has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diverse brain diseases (e.g., meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease and stroke). The aim of this Research Topic is to gather a collection of original research articles, method, protocols, short communications, opinions, perspectives, as well as review articles, providing the latest progress and insights in the field of connexin hemichannels and pannexons in the nervous system. Within this volume we plan to cover from basic research including channel structure, regulation, pharmacology and trafficking; to different biological functions in the physiology (behavior, plasticity, neurogenesis, blood flow control, neuron-glia crosstalk, cell migration and differentiation) as well as in the pathophysiology (neuroinflammation, mutation-related diseases, glial dysfunction and neurodegeneration) of the nervous system. We hope that this collection of articles will serve to understand how the signaling of connexin hemichannels and pannexons influences both normal and pathological brain function.

How long is Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System?

Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System by Juan Andrés Orellana is 243 pages long, and a total of 61,479 words.

This makes it 82% the length of the average book. It also has 75% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 35 minutes to read Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System aloud.

What Reading Level is Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System?

Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System?

Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System by Juan Andrés Orellana is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System by Juan Andrés Orellana on Amazon click the button below.