How Long to Read Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery

How Long Does it Take to Read Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 32 minutes to read Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery by Mahdi Karimi

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The concept of smart drug delivery vehicles involves designing and preparing a nanostructure (or microstructure) that can be loaded with a cargo, this can be a therapeutic drug, a contrast agent for imaging, or a nucleic acid for gene therapy. The nanocarrier serves to protect the cargo from degradation by enzymes in the body, to enhance the solubility of insoluble drugs, to extend the circulation half-life, and to enhance its penetration and accumulation at the target site. Importantly, smart nanocarriers can be designed to be responsive to a specific stimulus, so that the cargo is only released or activated when desired. In this volume we cover smart nanocarriers that respond to externally applied stimuli that usually involve application of physical energy. This physical energy can be applied from outside the body and can either cause cargo release, or can activate the nanostructure to be cytotoxic, or both. The stimuli covered include light of various wavelengths (ultraviolet, visible or infrared), temperature (increased or decreased), magnetic fields (used to externally manipulate nanostructures and to activate them), ultrasound, and electrical and mechanical forces. Finally we discuss the issue of nanotoxicology and the future scope of the field.

How long is Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery?

Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery by Mahdi Karimi is 92 pages long, and a total of 23,184 words.

This makes it 31% the length of the average book. It also has 28% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 6 minutes to read Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery aloud.

What Reading Level is Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery?

Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery?

Smart External Stimulus-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery by Mahdi Karimi is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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