How Long to Read Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids

How Long Does it Take to Read Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 30 minutes to read Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids by Calvin H. Wilcox

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Stratified fluids whose densities, sound speeds and other parameters are functions of a single depth coordinate occur widely in nature. Indeed, the earth's gravitational field imposes a stratification on its atmosphere, oceans and lakes. It is well known that their stratification has a profound effect on the propagation of sound in these fluids. The most striking effect is probably the occurrence of acoustic ducts, due to minima of the sound speed, that can trap sound waves and cause them to propagate hori zontally. The reflection, transmission and distortion of sonar signals by acoustic ducts is important in interpreting sonar echoes. Signal scattering by layers of microscopic marine organisms is important to both sonar engi neers and marine biologists. Again, reflection of signals from bottom sediment layers overlying a penetrable bottom are of interest both as sources of unwanted echoes and in the acoustic probing of such layers. Many other examples could be given. The purpose of this monograph is to develop from first principles a theory of sound propagation in stratified fluids whose densities and sound speeds are essentially arbitrary functions of the depth. In physical terms, the propagation of both time-harmonic and transient fields is analyzed. The corresponding mathematical model leads to the study of boundary value problems for a scalar wave equation whose coefficients contain the pre scribed density and sound speed functions.

How long is Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids?

Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids by Calvin H. Wilcox is 206 pages long, and a total of 52,736 words.

This makes it 70% the length of the average book. It also has 64% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 48 minutes to read Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids aloud.

What Reading Level is Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids?

Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Sound Propagation in Stratified Fluids?

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