How Long to Read South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods

How Long Does it Take to Read South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 5 minutes to read South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods by Jennifer Lynn Krstolic

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The ecological habitat requirements of aquatic organisms and recreational streamflow requirements of the South Fork Shenandoah River were investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Central Shenandoah Valley Planning District Commission, the Northern Shenandoah Valley Regional Commission, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Physical habitat simulation modeling was conducted to examine flow as a major determinant of physical habitat availability and recreation suitability using field-collected hydraulic habitat variables such as water depth, water velocity, and substrate characteristics. Fish habitat-suitability criteria specific to the South Fork Shenandoah River were developed for sub-adult and adult smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), juvenile and sub-adult redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus), spotfin or satinfin shiner (Cyprinella spp), margined madtom (Noturus insignis), and river chub (Nocomis micropogon). Historic streamflow statistics for the summer low-flow period during July, August, and September were used as benchmark low-flow conditions and compared to habitat simulation results and water-withdrawal scenarios based on 2005 withdrawal data. To examine habitat and recreation characteristics during droughts, daily fish habitat or recreation suitability values were simulated for 2002 and other selected drought years. Recreation suitability during droughts was extremely low, because the modeling demonstrated that suitable conditions occur when the streamflows are greater than the 50th percentile flow for July, August, and September. Habitat availability for fish is generally at a maximum when streamflows are between the 75th and 25th percentile flows for July, August, and September. Time-series results for drought years, such as 2002, showed that extreme low-flow conditions less than the 5th percentile of flow for July, August, and September corresponded to below-normal habitat availability for both game and nongame fish in the upper section of the river. For the middle section near Luray, margined madtom and river chub habitat area were below normal, whereas adult and sub-adult smallmouth bass habitat area remained near the median expected available habitat. In the lower section near Front Royal, time-series results for adult smallmouth bass, sub-adult smallmouth bass, and margined madtom habitat were below normal when streamflows were below the 10th percentile flow for July, August, and September

How long is South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods?

South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods by Jennifer Lynn Krstolic is 64 pages long, and a total of 16,256 words.

This makes it 22% the length of the average book. It also has 20% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 28 minutes to read South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods aloud.

What Reading Level is South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods?

South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods?

South Fork Shenandoah River Habitat-flow Modeling to Determine Ecological and Recreational Characteristics During Low-flow Periods by Jennifer Lynn Krstolic is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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