How Long to Read Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism

How Long Does it Take to Read Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 16 minutes to read Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism by Toru Moriya

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Ferromagnetism of metallic systems, especially those including transition metals, has been a controversial subject of modern science for a long time. This controversy sterns from the apparent dual character of the d-electrons responsible for magnetism in transition metals, i.e., they are itinerant elec trons described by band theory in their ground state, while at finite tem peratures they show various properties that have long been attributed to a system consisting of local magnetic moments. The most familiar example of these properties is the Curie-Weiss law of magnetic susceptibility obeyed by almost all ferromagnets above their Curie temperatures. At first the problem seemed to be centered around whether the d-elec trons themselves are localized or itinerant. This question was settled in the 1950s and early 1960s by various experimental investigations, in particular by observations of d-electron Fermi surfaces in ferromagnetic transition metals. These observations are generally consistent with the results of band calculations. Theoretical investigations since then have concentrated on explaining this dual character of d-electron systems, taking account of the effects of electron-electron correlations in the itinerant electron model. The problem in physical terms is to study the spin density fluctuati·ons, which are ne glected in the mean-field or one-electron theory, and their influence on the physical properties.

How long is Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism?

Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism by Toru Moriya is 253 pages long, and a total of 64,009 words.

This makes it 85% the length of the average book. It also has 78% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 49 minutes to read Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism aloud.

What Reading Level is Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism?

Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnetism?

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