How Long to Read Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage

How Long Does it Take to Read Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 20 minutes to read Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage by Joseph J. Knapik

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Eleven soldiers performed two-person carries of a stretcher containing an 80-kg manikin while walking on a treadmill set at 4.8 km/hr. In separate trials, soldiers carried the stretcher using one of four methods involving (a) traditional hand carriage, (b) shoulder straps (cross-shoulder system), (c) a specially designed harness that allowed load shifting between the hips and shoulders (hip-shoulder system), and (d) a clip that fit on the pistol belt of military load-carrying equipment (LCE) and placed the stretcher mass mainly on the hips (LCE system). With each system, subjects walked until fatigued or until 30 minutes expired. While subjects walked, their expired gases and heart rates were obtained and subjects rated their perceived exertion (Borg Scale). At the conclusion of all four trials, subjects rated each system on a number of subjective measures. Average (SD) carriage times (in minutes) were 2. 7+1.4, 14.5+8.3,25.4+8.1, and 21.7+9.9 with the hand, cross-shoulder, hip- shoulder, and LCE-integrated systems, respectively. Hand carriage resulted in considerably more cardiorespiratory stress (higher heart rate and minute ventilation) than the other three systems, but there were few consistent differences among the other three systems. Perceived exertion in the upper body was less with the hip-shoulder and LCE systems than with the other two systems, and subjects preferred the hip-shoulder and LCE integrated systems overall, as well as for specific characteristics including comfort, ease of use, and stability. These data indicate that two-person stretcher carriage methods that displace the load from the hands to the shoulders and hips improve performance, reduce cardiorespiratory stress, and are preferred by subjects. Further developmental work should focus on the hip-shoulder and LCE systems.

How long is Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage?

Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage by Joseph J. Knapik is 78 pages long, and a total of 20,124 words.

This makes it 26% the length of the average book. It also has 25% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 49 minutes to read Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage aloud.

What Reading Level is Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage?

Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage?

Standard and Alternate Methods of Stretcher Carriage by Joseph J. Knapik is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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