How Long to Read Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies
By Ian Parry
How Long Does it Take to Read Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies?
It takes the average reader and 42 minutes to read Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies by Ian Parry
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Description
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries.
How long is Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies?
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies by Ian Parry is 42 pages long, and a total of 10,584 words.
This makes it 14% the length of the average book. It also has 13% more words than the average book.
How Long Does it Take to Read Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies Aloud?
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 57 minutes to read Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies aloud.
What Reading Level is Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies?
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies is suitable for students ages 8 and up.
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