How Long to Read Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen

How Long Does it Take to Read Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 8 minutes to read Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen by Cesar Ovalles

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Heavy crude oils and bitumen represent more than 50% of all hydrocarbons available on the planet. These feedstocks have a low amount of distillable material and high level of contaminants that make their production, transportation, and refining difficult and costly by conventional technologies. Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen is of interest to the petroleum industry mainly because of the advantages compared to aboveground counterparts. The author presents an in-depth account and a critical review of the progress of industry and academia in underground or In-Situ upgrading of heavy, extra-heavy oils and bitumen, as reported in the patent and open literature. This work is aimed to be a standalone monograph, so three chapters are dedicated to the composition of petroleum and fundamentals of crude oil production and refining. Key Features: Offers a multidisciplinary scope that will appeal to chemists, geologists, biologists, chemical engineers, and petroleum engineers Presents the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies considered Discusses economic and environmental considerations for all the routes evaluated and offers perspectives from experts in the field working with highlighted technologies

How long is Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen?

Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen by Cesar Ovalles is 304 pages long, and a total of 77,216 words.

This makes it 103% the length of the average book. It also has 94% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 1 minute to read Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen aloud.

What Reading Level is Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen?

Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen?

Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen by Cesar Ovalles is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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