How Long to Read Symbols, Substance and Hope

How Long Does it Take to Read Symbols, Substance and Hope?

It takes the average reader to read Symbols, Substance and Hope by Andra Gillespie

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In the spring and summer of 2011, a number of black elites gained national attention for their pointed critiques of President Barack Obama. Princeton University Professor Cornel West contended that President Obama had gotten elected on the promise of providing “progressive” leadership which would prioritize the needs of the poor. However, West berated Obama as a “black mascot of Wall Street oligarchs and a black puppet of corporate plutocrats.” Journalist Tavis Smiley joined West in his critique of Obama, noting that he had ignored the interests of blacks, his most loyal voting constituency, once he took the oath of office. Symbols, Substance and Hope considers the context in which Obama won elections and governs. Because Obama could not get elected with just black votes, he had to cultivate a crossover appeal outside the African American community. Candidates seeking such crossover appeal employ a strategy called deracialization, in which they avoid racial appeals and advocacy of explicitly racial issues as much as possible to try to win non-black votes. Deracialized candidates are usually successful at winning office, but their success does have a price. Acclaimed author and scholar Andra Gillespie contends that one cannot understand how the Obama Administration has addressed racial issues without understanding how his choice to deracialize his campaign limited his governance choices. This book looks at President Obama's performance on racial issues (both substantive and symbolic), and compares them to his immediate predecessors (George W. Bush and Bill Clinton). By comparing the three presidents' performances, Gillespie is able to determine the extent to which racial representation is institutionalized, and can compare the presidents' performance on racial issues across party lines. Gillespie tackles questions of inequality in a contemporary context, using statistics that are readily accessible and easily understood by both academic and lay audiences.

How long is Symbols, Substance and Hope?

Symbols, Substance and Hope by Andra Gillespie is 0 pages long, and a total of 0 words.

This makes it 0% the length of the average book. It also has 0% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Symbols, Substance and Hope Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes to read Symbols, Substance and Hope aloud.

What Reading Level is Symbols, Substance and Hope?

Symbols, Substance and Hope is suitable for students ages 2 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Symbols, Substance and Hope?

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