How Long to Read The Art of Causal Conjecture

How Long Does it Take to Read The Art of Causal Conjecture?

It takes the average reader 9 hours and 22 minutes to read The Art of Causal Conjecture by Glenn Shafer

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In The Art of Causal Conjecture, Glenn Shafer lays out a new mathematical and philosophical foundation for probability and uses it to explain concepts of causality used in statistics, artificial intelligence, and philosophy. The various disciplines that use causal reasoning differ in the relative weight they put on security and precision of knowledge as opposed to timeliness of action. The natural and social sciences seek high levels of certainty in the identification of causes and high levels of precision in the measurement of their effects. The practical sciences -- medicine, business, engineering, and artificial intelligence -- must act on causal conjectures based on more limited knowledge. Shafer's understanding of causality contributes to both of these uses of causal reasoning. His language for causal explanation can guide statistical investigation in the natural and social sciences, and it can also be used to formulate assumptions of causal uniformity needed for decision making in the practical sciences. Causal ideas permeate the use of probability and statistics in all branches of industry, commerce, government, and science. The Art of Causal Conjecture shows that causal ideas can be equally important in theory. It does not challenge the maxim that causation cannot be proven from statistics alone, but by bringing causal ideas into the foundations of probability, it allows causal conjectures to be more clearly quantified, debated, and confronted by statistical evidence.

How long is The Art of Causal Conjecture?

The Art of Causal Conjecture by Glenn Shafer is 554 pages long, and a total of 140,716 words.

This makes it 187% the length of the average book. It also has 172% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Art of Causal Conjecture Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 12 hours and 48 minutes to read The Art of Causal Conjecture aloud.

What Reading Level is The Art of Causal Conjecture?

The Art of Causal Conjecture is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Art of Causal Conjecture?

The Art of Causal Conjecture by Glenn Shafer is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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