How Long to Read The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims

How Long Does it Take to Read The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 42 minutes to read The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims by Joseph Tshilomb JK, LLM;MSc

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In the early days of shipping and international maritime trade many more casualties occurred at sea. Ever since, ship owners liability for cargo claims has been increasing both in number and in cost in spite of the huge technical development in international maritime transport. In order to make it easier for ship owners to operate safely and efficiently the Protection and Indemnity appeared around 1870 as mutual marine insurance. Besides Hull & Machinery and Cargo Insurance offered on the international commercial market in insurance, Protection and Indemnity Insurance (known under the acronym P&I) is a ship owners insurance cover for legal liabilities to third parties. This cover is generally achieved by entering the ship in a mutual insurance club. Nowadays, the mutuality is performed by an underwriter who endeavors to see that each owner carries his fair share of the risk. The members of P&I clubs are ship owners, charterers or ship management companies. At present, a major function of the Protection and Indemnity insurance is to cover the ship owner for legal and contractual liability for loss of cargo or damage to cargo if there has been a breach of the carriage contract. This liability is called Third party liability. The ship owner will handover the cargo claim to his P&I Club. In order to clarify this liability, Article 3, Paragraph 2 of the Hague Visby rules stipulates: Subject to the provisions of Article 4 the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried. Therefore, the focus in this research study is placed on the function of Protection and Indemnity insurance covering the ship owners liability for damage to cargo or loss of cargo.

How long is The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims?

The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims by Joseph Tshilomb JK, LLM;MSc is 99 pages long, and a total of 25,641 words.

This makes it 33% the length of the average book. It also has 31% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 20 minutes to read The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims aloud.

What Reading Level is The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims?

The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims?

The Function of Protection & Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner ́S Liability for Cargo Claims by Joseph Tshilomb JK, LLM;MSc is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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