How Long to Read The Gastrointestinal Circulation

How Long Does it Take to Read The Gastrointestinal Circulation?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 10 minutes to read The Gastrointestinal Circulation by Peter R. Kvietys

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography

How long is The Gastrointestinal Circulation?

The Gastrointestinal Circulation by Peter R. Kvietys is 127 pages long, and a total of 32,639 words.

This makes it 43% the length of the average book. It also has 40% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Gastrointestinal Circulation Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 58 minutes to read The Gastrointestinal Circulation aloud.

What Reading Level is The Gastrointestinal Circulation?

The Gastrointestinal Circulation is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Gastrointestinal Circulation?

The Gastrointestinal Circulation by Peter R. Kvietys is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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