How Long to Read The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years

How Long Does it Take to Read The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 21 minutes to read The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years by International Energy Agency

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The International Energy Agency celebrates in 1994 the twentieth anniversary of its founding. The marking of this event presents the occasion for a systematic look back at the history of the Agency's origins, structures, policies and actions. Focusing on the main industrial countries' co operation on energy policy, the history begins with the troubled days of the 1973-1974 Middle East War crisis and its immediate aftermath, when the oil producers appeared relatively well organized to utilize their new oil based economic and political power, while the industrial countries were inadequately equipped with information and organization to meet the corresponding challenges to them. The vulnerability of the industrial countries was dramatized in the course of the crisis by the Arab embargo and the shock of rapidly rising prices for oil. During the years leading up to the crisis, the industrial countries became increasingly dependent upon oil imported mainly from one region known for its political fragility. The reasons for this dependence are well understood. The industrial countries permitted excessive and even wasteful and inefficient use of energy and of oil in particular. Energy conservation measures in those countries were woefully underdeveloped. Their oil production potential was not fully realized, nor was sufficient investment devoted to the development of other energy sources as alternatives to oil. They had yet to devise a workable system for responding to serious disruptions in oil supply; and their organizational arrangements for co-operation could not enable them to cope effectively with the institutional implications of those situations. All considered, a surer formula for the eruption of disagreeable surprises would be difficult to imagine. One constructive outcome of the crisis was the sudden and intense attention that governments and populations in the industrial countries concentrated on "the energy problem", and this soon brought calls for rapid responses by policy makers. In situations of short supply in energy, "beggar-my neighbour" policies would have to be avoided as tending to worsen and expand economic hardship, while the adoption of burden sharing arrangements and policies designed to mitigate economic hardship would have to be formulated and implemented. The policy and institutional lessons of the crisis led swiftly in November 1974 to the establishment of the IEA with a broad mandate on energy security and other questions of energy policy co-operation among Member countries. The main policy decisions and the Agency framework were firmly anchored in the IEA treaty called the "Agreement on an International Energy Program", and the new Agency was lodged as a mutual convenience at the OECD in Paris. The Agency would become, as this History shows, the focal point for the industrial countries' energy co-operation on such issues as: security of supply, long-term policy, information "transparency", energy and the environment, research and development and international energy relations.

How long is The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years?

The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years by International Energy Agency is 428 pages long, and a total of 110,424 words.

This makes it 144% the length of the average book. It also has 135% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 3 minutes to read The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years aloud.

What Reading Level is The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years?

The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The History of the International Energy Agency - the First Twenty Years?

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