How Long to Read The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota

How Long Does it Take to Read The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 12 minutes to read The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota by Eugene Rosenberg

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Groundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of its associated microorganisms) and its hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert, function as a unique biological entity and therefore as a level of selection in evolution. All animals and plants harbor abundant and diverse microbiota, including viruses. Often the amount of symbiotic microorganisms and their combined genetic information far exceed that of their host. The microbiota with its microbiome, together with the host genome, can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus propagate the unique properties of the holobiont. The microbial symbionts and the host interact in a cooperative way that affects the health of the holobiont within its environment. Beneficial microbiota protects against pathogens, provides essential nutrients, catabolizes complex polysaccharides, renders harmful chemicals inert, and contributes to the performance of the immune system. In humans and animals, the microbiota also plays a role in behavior. The sum of these cooperative interactions characterizes the holobiont as a unique biological entity. Genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in either the host genome or the microbial population genomes (microbiome). Evolution by cooperation can occur by amplifying existing microbes, gaining novel microbiota and by acquiring microbial and viral genes. Under environmental stress, the microbiome can change more rapidly and in response to more processes than the host organism alone and thus influences the evolution of the holobiont. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and phage therapy are discussed as applied aspects of the hologenome concept.

How long is The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota?

The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota by Eugene Rosenberg is 187 pages long, and a total of 48,059 words.

This makes it 63% the length of the average book. It also has 59% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 22 minutes to read The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota aloud.

What Reading Level is The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota?

The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota?

The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota by Eugene Rosenberg is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota by Eugene Rosenberg on Amazon click the button below.