How Long to Read The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans

How Long Does it Take to Read The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 26 minutes to read The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans by Conrad B. Quintyn

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In the arguments on modern human origins the Qafzeh-Skhul hominans, based on skeletal analyses, are accepted as "anatomically modern" and given the lofty title of "Proto-Cro-Magnons." However, their modernity has been questioned in the literature. In this research, 42 dimensions were measured on the craniofacial bones of Qafzeh, Skhul, Cro-Magnons, Neanderthals, and other archaic, early, and recent modern samples from Africa, Western Asia, Europe, and East Asia (total crania, N=400) to test the null hypothesis that the Qafzeh-Skhul hominans are Proto-Cro-Magnons.' An alternate hypothesis was also tested: the Qafzeh and Skhul hominan samples have morphometric affinities to one, some or none of the regional sample groups in this research. Canonical variate analysis based on log size/shape and shape D2 for male and female craniofacial data show quite clearly that the Qafzeh and Skhul hominan samples are distant from the Cro-Magnons but closer to African and Levantine (Middle Eastern) sample groups. Hierarchical cluster analysis presented similar results. Based on the data in this research, the hypothesis stating that the Qafzeh and Skhul hominans are "Proto-Cro-Magnons" is rejected. Instead, the alternate hypothesis is accepted: the Qafzeh and Skhul hominans have strong morphometric affinities to archaic and early modern Africans and Levantines. Together, the Qafzeh-Skhul skeletal sample shows strong evidence of mosaic evolution. In essence, are the Qafzeh and Skhul hominans descendants of "the" modern African population that left the continent 200,000 to 150,000 years ago according to the mitochrondrial DNA genetic evidence? This is certainly possible. Are the Qafzeh and Skhul hominans ancestors of the later Cro-Magnons who, supposedly, "replaced" all existing, well-adapted populations in the Old World--even the remarkable Neanderthals--by 30,000 years ago? According to the craniofacial data in this research, the answer is no.

How long is The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans?

The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans by Conrad B. Quintyn is 263 pages long, and a total of 66,539 words.

This makes it 89% the length of the average book. It also has 81% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 3 minutes to read The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans aloud.

What Reading Level is The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans?

The Morphometric Affinities of the Qafzeh and Skhūl Hominans is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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