How Long to Read The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test

How Long Does it Take to Read The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test?

It takes the average reader 9 hours and 25 minutes to read The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test by Landmark Publications

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

THIS CASEBOOK contains a selection of U. S. Court of Appeals decisions that analyze, interpret and apply the Pickering-Connick balancing test. "The Supreme Court has developed two lines of cases that assess how to balance the First Amendment rights of government employees with the need of government employers to operate efficiently." Thompson v. Shock, 852 F.3d 786, 791 (8th Cir. 2017). Where [ ] a case involves "overt expressive conduct," our court applies "the balancing test as found in the line of cases following Pickering and Connick. The typical Pickering-Connick case involves a government employee causing workplace disruption by speaking as a citizen on a matter of public concern, followed by government action adversely affecting the employee's job." Id. (internal citation omitted). Morgan v. Robinson, 881 F. 3d 646 (8th Cir. 2018). The first question in this analysis asks whether the employee's speech was made as a citizen on a matter of public concern. Lane, 134 S.Ct. at 2378; accord Anzaldua v. Ne. Ambulance & Fire Prot. Dist., 793 F.3d 822, 833 (8th Cir. 2015). Where this question is answered in the affirmative, the court next asks whether the employer "had an adequate justification for treating the employee differently from any other member of the general public." Garcetti v. Ceballos, 547 U.S. 410, 418, 126 S.Ct. 1951, 164 L.Ed.2d 689 (2006); accord Anzaldua, 793 F.3d at 833 ("[I]f the possibility of a First Amendment claim has arisen, then our second inquiry is to ask whether [the employer] has produced evidence to indicate the speech had an adverse impact on the efficiency of the [employer's] operations." (alterations in original) (internal quotation marks omitted)). Finally, if each party has met their burden, the court applies the Pickering-Connick test to balance the competing interests. Anzaldua, 793 F.3d at 835. Morgan v. Robinson, Ibid.

How long is The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test?

The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test by Landmark Publications is 548 pages long, and a total of 141,384 words.

This makes it 185% the length of the average book. It also has 173% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 12 hours and 52 minutes to read The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test aloud.

What Reading Level is The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test?

The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Pickering-Connick Balancing Test?

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