How Long to Read The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization

How Long Does it Take to Read The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 47 minutes to read The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization by Elizabeth Lea Scheppke Smoot

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Vascular development and angiogenesis initially depend on endothelial tip cell invasion, which is followed by a series of maturation steps, including lumen formation and recruitment of perivascular cells. Many studies have shown that Notch signaling is involved throughout embryonic vascular development, including the regulation of tip cell formation, artery/vein patterning, and vascular remodeling. However, the role of Notch signaling in the postnatal vasculature has not been well described. Blocking postnatal Notch results in a highly branched, immature vascular plexus. Vascular plexus maturation is partly regulated by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) coverage, and little is known about the role of Notch in the postnatal perivascular compartment. Therefore, the studies in this dissertation proposed to investigate Notch effectors in VSMCs that modulate vessel maturation during postnatal angiogenesis. To verify that Notch signaling is important for postnatal arterial VSMC coverage and subsequent vessel maturation, the perivascular compartment of pups undergoing retinal angiogenesis was examined following Notch inhibition. This resulted in significantly less arterial VSMC coverage. An angiogenesis-specific microarray panel identified Notch effector genes upregulated in VSMCs in contact with the endothelial Notch ligand Jagged1, which is known to be required for arterial VSMC coverage. One of the upregulated genes was integrin [beta]3, which led to increased surface expression of the integrin heterodimer, [alpha]v[beta]3. Integrin [alpha]v[beta]3 is important for cell adhesion and cell migration. In the vasculature, the only available ligand for [alpha]v[beta]3 is von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Examination of pups undergoing retinal developmental angiogenesis revealed that VSMC coverage co-patterns with accumulation of vWF in the endothelial basement membrane. In a 3-dimensional in vitro tube formation assay, disruption of Notch, [alpha]v[beta]3, or vWF prevented an association between VSMCs and newly formed endothelial tubes. Genetic or pharmacological disruption of Jagged1, [alphav]v[beta]3, or vWF suppressed VSMC coverage of nascent vessels and arterial maturation during vascular development in vivo. Therefore, the findings described in this dissertation define a Notch-mediated interaction between the developing endothelium and VSMCs, leading to adhesion of VSMCs to the endothelial basement membrane and arterial maturation.

How long is The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization?

The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization by Elizabeth Lea Scheppke Smoot is 105 pages long, and a total of 26,775 words.

This makes it 35% the length of the average book. It also has 33% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 26 minutes to read The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization aloud.

What Reading Level is The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization?

The Role of Notch Signaling in Vessel Maturation and Stabilization is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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