How Long to Read The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins
By Thomas Wong
How Long Does it Take to Read The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins?
It takes the average reader 2 hours to read The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins by Thomas Wong
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Description
The alpha chain of the alpha4beta1, integrin is unique in that it can bind directly to paxillin, an adapter signaling molecule. Paxillin only associates with high affinity alpha 4beta1 integrins that are dephosphorylated on serine-988 in the alpha4 cytoplasmic tail. G protein-couple receptor (GPCR) signaling induces Ca2+-calmodulin activation, which is required for up-regulation of alpha4beta1 affinity. I investigated whether calcineurin, a calmodulin-activated ser/thr phosphatase, was involved in regulating paxillin association with alpha4beta1. Using alpha4 immunoprecipitations, I observed that inhibition of calcineurin with cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506 (tacrolimus), blocked formyl peptide (FP)-induced paxillin association in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, both inhibitors and siRNA knockdown abrogated FP-induced alpha4-specific migration in a transwell chemotaxis assay. Collectively, these data demonstrate that activation of calcineurin by GPCR signaling is required for the association of paxillin with alpha4beta1 integrins, and that paxillin association with alpha4beta1 is required for chemotactic migration of human blood monocytes.
How long is The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins?
The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins by Thomas Wong is 120 pages long, and a total of 30,000 words.
This makes it 40% the length of the average book. It also has 37% more words than the average book.
How Long Does it Take to Read The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins Aloud?
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 43 minutes to read The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins aloud.
What Reading Level is The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins?
The Role of Paxillin in Outside-in Signaling in High Affinity Alpha(4)beta(1) Integrins is suitable for students ages 10 and up.
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