How Long to Read The Targeting System of Language

How Long Does it Take to Read The Targeting System of Language?

It takes the average reader 11 hours and 21 minutes to read The Targeting System of Language by Leonard Talmy

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

A proposal that a single linguistic/cognitive system, “targeting,” underlies two domains of reference, anaphora (speech-internal) and deixis (speech-external). In this book, Leonard Talmy proposes that a single linguistic/cognitive system, targeting, underlies two domains of linguistic reference, those termed anaphora (for a referent that is an element of the current discourse) and deixis (for a referent outside the discourse and in the spatiotemporal surroundings). Talmy argues that language engages the same cognitive system to single out referents whether they are speech-internal or speech-external. Talmy explains the targeting system in this way: as a speaker communicates with a hearer, her attention is on an object to which she wishes to refer; this is her target. To get the hearer's attention on it as well, she uses a trigger—a word such as this, that, here, there, or now. The trigger initiates a three-stage process in the hearer: he seeks cues of ten distinct categories; uses these cues to determine the target; and then maps the concept of the target gleaned from the cues back onto the trigger to integrate it into the speaker's sentence, achieving comprehension. The whole interaction, Talmy explains, rests on a coordination of the speaker's and hearer's cognitive processing. The process is the same whether the referent is anaphoric or deictic. Talmy presents and analyzes the ten categories of cues, and examines sequences in targeting, including the steps by which interaction leads to joint attention. A glossary defines the new terms in the argument.

How long is The Targeting System of Language?

The Targeting System of Language by Leonard Talmy is 673 pages long, and a total of 170,269 words.

This makes it 227% the length of the average book. It also has 208% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read The Targeting System of Language Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 15 hours and 30 minutes to read The Targeting System of Language aloud.

What Reading Level is The Targeting System of Language?

The Targeting System of Language is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy The Targeting System of Language?

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