How Long to Read Thorium Carbides

How Long Does it Take to Read Thorium Carbides?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 40 minutes to read Thorium Carbides by Heiko Kleykamp

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The volume comprises an updated and critical description of the binary and ternary thorium carbides. These compounds are of technological interest because of their possible use as fertile materials in advanced nuclear power reactors. The fuel for the Thermal Breeder consists of a ThC-UC solid solution and that for the Thorium High Temperature Reactor of coated ThC2-UC2 particles. The binary Th-C system and ternary carbides were intensively investigated worldwide for nearly 20 years. Because of general discussions on the use of nuclear technology, interest in advanced nuclear reactors declined in recent years. Nevertheless, the research activity in the solid state science of binary and ternary thorium carbides increased and the Th-C system became one of the best known binary systems. At high temperatures there exists a series of solid solutions ranging from Th metal to the hypostoichiometric cubic ThC1.96' including the monocarbide ThC. A body-centered cubic Th2C3 of the Pu2C3 structure type only exists at pressures above 30 kbar. The Th carbides are refractory compounds with high melting points, e.g., 2500° C for the composition ThC0.97. Ternary carbides are either stoichiometric compounds, like ThAl4C4, ThAlC2, and Th4Al2C5 in the Th-Al-C system, or they form solid solutions with more or less broad ranges of composition. On the other hand, ThC is immiscible with group IV and V transition metal carbides because of its large unit cell. The normally metastable Th2C3 can be stabilized by forming solid solutions like (Th, La)2C3 with other sesquicarbides. Some ternary phases are superconductors with transition temperatures as high as 17 K.

How long is Thorium Carbides?

Thorium Carbides by Heiko Kleykamp is 160 pages long, and a total of 40,000 words.

This makes it 54% the length of the average book. It also has 49% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Thorium Carbides Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 38 minutes to read Thorium Carbides aloud.

What Reading Level is Thorium Carbides?

Thorium Carbides is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Thorium Carbides?

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