How Long to Read Tokens

How Long Does it Take to Read Tokens?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 22 minutes to read Tokens by Rachel O'Dwyer

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

**Longlisted for the Financial Times Business Book of the Year** --- Platform capitalism is coming for the money in your pocket Wherever you look, money is being re-placed by tokens. Digital platforms are issuing new kinds of money-like things: phone credit, shares, gift vouchers, game tokens, customer data—the list goes on. But what does it mean when online platforms become the new banks? What new types of control and discrimination emerge when money is tied to specific apps or actions, politics or identities? Tokens opens up this new and expanding world. Exploring the history of extra-monetary economies, Rachel O’Dwyer shows that private and grassroots tokens have always haunted the real economy. But as the large tech platforms issue new money-like instruments, tokens are suddenly everywhere. Amazon’s Turk workers are getting paid in gift cards. Online streamers trade in wishlists. Foreign remittances are sent via phone credit. Bitcoin, gift cards, NFTs, customer data, and game tokens are the new money in an evolving economy. It is a development challenging the balance of power between online empires and the state. Tokens may offer a flexible even subversive route to compensation. But for the platforms themselves they can be a means of amassing frightening new powers. An essential read for anyone concerned with digital money, inequality, and the future of the economy.

How long is Tokens?

Tokens by Rachel O'Dwyer is 321 pages long, and a total of 80,571 words.

This makes it 108% the length of the average book. It also has 98% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Tokens Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 20 minutes to read Tokens aloud.

What Reading Level is Tokens?

Tokens is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Tokens?

Tokens by Rachel O'Dwyer is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Tokens by Rachel O'Dwyer on Amazon click the button below.