How Long to Read Toward a New Iron Age?

How Long Does it Take to Read Toward a New Iron Age??

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 13 minutes to read Toward a New Iron Age? by Robert Boyd Gordon

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Experts agree that the earth will eventually run out of certain low-cost, nonrenewable resources, possibly as early as a century from now. Will the transition to reliance on other, more abundant resources be smooth or discontinuous? Might industrial societies experience a marked decline in living standards--a radically different kind of society from the one we now know? Geologists maintain that once inexpensive high-grade resources are exhausted, economic growth will slow. Economists are more optimistic: they believe that new technologies and materials will be substituted rapidly enough to prevent minor economic dislocations. Toward a New Iron Age? takes an important step toward reconciling these divergent views. It is the most comprehensive study of the economic consequences of resource depletion--in particular, it is a thorough exploration of the prospects for one key metal, copper. The authors draw on geological and engineering data to calculate the resources now available and to assess the feasibility of substituting alternatives. Using linear programming and a range of hypothetical base conditions, they are able to estimate the course, through the next century and beyond, of several crucial factors: the rate at which copper resources will be used and when they will be depleted; how the price of the metal will fluctuate; when alternative materials will be substituted, in what patterns, and at what costs. By the late twenty-first century, the authors believe, low-cost copper will no longer be available. Industrial societies will have to operate on more abundant resources such as iron, silica, and aluminum. They will enter, in short, a New Iron Age.

How long is Toward a New Iron Age??

Toward a New Iron Age? by Robert Boyd Gordon is 192 pages long, and a total of 48,384 words.

This makes it 65% the length of the average book. It also has 59% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Toward a New Iron Age? Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 24 minutes to read Toward a New Iron Age? aloud.

What Reading Level is Toward a New Iron Age??

Toward a New Iron Age? is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Toward a New Iron Age??

Toward a New Iron Age? by Robert Boyd Gordon is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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