How Long to Read Toward Better Infrastructure

How Long Does it Take to Read Toward Better Infrastructure?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 21 minutes to read Toward Better Infrastructure by Riham Shendy

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Examining innovative ways to address Africa’s infrastructure deficit is at the heart of this analysis. Africa’s infrastructure stock and quality is among the least developed in the world, a challenge that significantly hinders economic development. It is estimated that the finance required to raise infrastructure in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) to a reasonable level within the next decade is at US$93 billion per year, with two-thirds of this amount needed for capital expenditures. With the existing spending on infrastructure being estimated at US$45 billion per annum and after accounting for potential efficiency gains that could amount to US$17 billion, Africa’s infrastructure funding gap remains around US$31 billion a year. One approach to address this challenge is by facilitating the increase of private provision of public infrastructure services through public-private partnerships (PPPs). This approach, which is a relatively new arrangement in SSA is multifaceted and requires strong consensus and collaboration across both public and private sectors. There are several defined models of PPPs. Each type differs in terms of government participation levels, risk allocations, investment responsibilities, operational requirements, and incentives for operators. Our definition of PPPs assumes transactions where the private sector retains a considerable portion of commercial and financial risks associated with a project. In more descriptive terms, among the elements defining the notion of PPPs discussed in this study are: a long-term contract between a public and private sector party; the design, construction, financing, and operation of public infrastructure by the private sector; payment over the life of the PPP contract to the private sector party for the services delivered from the asset; and the facility remaining in public ownership or reverting to public sector ownership at the end of the PPP contract. The observations and policy recommendations that follow draw on ongoing World Bank Group PPP engagements in these countries, including extensive consultations with key public and private sector stakeholders involved in designing, financing, and implementing PPPs. The study is structured around the most inhibiting constraints to developing PPPs, as shared by all six countries.

How long is Toward Better Infrastructure?

Toward Better Infrastructure by Riham Shendy is 81 pages long, and a total of 20,331 words.

This makes it 27% the length of the average book. It also has 25% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Toward Better Infrastructure Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 51 minutes to read Toward Better Infrastructure aloud.

What Reading Level is Toward Better Infrastructure?

Toward Better Infrastructure is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Toward Better Infrastructure?

Toward Better Infrastructure by Riham Shendy is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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