How Long to Read (Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections

How Long Does it Take to Read (Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 16 minutes to read (Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections by Wouter van der Brug

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

When direct elections for the European Parliament were first organized in 1979, the idea was that such direct elections would increase the democratic legitimacy and accountability of the Parliament. Moreover, the elections were expected to raise public interest, engagement and support for the European project. Did these elections help to increase legitimacy and accountability? Did they increase interest in and support for the 'European project'? Or, did these elections have unintended (and perhaps undesirable) consequences? This volume focuses on the consequences of European elections for public debate and involvement, for party systems, and for public opinion. EP elections have caused a number of intended consequences: the salience of the elections in the media has gone up and over time electoral competition becomes more important, engaging in the campaign can help improve EU evaluations, and Europe as a topic has become more important for voting at EP elections, boosting the prevalence of so-called EU voting. A number of intended consequences have not materialized during the life of the EP so far: knowledge or turnout levels have not gone up and citizens have not become better at judging what political parties are offering. The EP elections have, however, also yielded a number of unintended consequences: EP elections dampen turnout for first time voters in subsequent elections, EP elections cause temporary decline in EU support, and the elections have become a strategic arena for political parties to position themselves on EU issues and for new movements and parties to boost or sustain their success.

How long is (Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections?

(Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections by Wouter van der Brug is 313 pages long, and a total of 79,189 words.

This makes it 106% the length of the average book. It also has 97% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read (Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 12 minutes to read (Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections aloud.

What Reading Level is (Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections?

(Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy (Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections?

(Un)intended Consequences of European Parliamentary Elections by Wouter van der Brug is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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