It takes the average reader to read Union Divided by Leta E. Miller
Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more
An in-depth account of the Black locals within the American Federation of Musicians In the 1910s and 1920s, Black musicians organized more than fifty independent locals within the American Federation of Musicians (AFM) in an attempt to control audition criteria, set competitive wages, and secure a voice in national decision-making. Leta Miller follows the AFM's history of Black locals, which competed directly with white locals in the same territories, from their origins and successes in the 1920s through Depression-era crises to the fraught process of dismantling segregated AFM organizations in the 1960s and 70s. Like any union, Black AFM locals sought to ensure employment and competitive wages for members with always-evolving solutions to problems. Miller's account of these efforts includes the voices of the musicians themselves and interviews with former union members who took part in the difficult integration of Black and white locals. She also analyzes the fundamental question of how musicians benefitted from membership in a labor organization. Broad in scope and rich in detail, Union Divided illuminates the complex working world of unionized Black musicians and the AFM's journey to racial inclusion.
Union Divided by Leta E. Miller is 0 pages long, and a total of 0 words.
This makes it 0% the length of the average book. It also has 0% more words than the average book.
The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes to read Union Divided aloud.
Union Divided is suitable for students ages 2 and up.
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