How Long to Read Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State

How Long Does it Take to Read Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 23 minutes to read Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State by Anne-Marie Brouwer

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

What can we learn from spontaneously occurring brain and other physiological signals about an individual’s cognitive and affective state and how can we make use of this information? One line of research that is actively involved with this question is Passive Brain-Computer-Interfaces (BCI). To date most BCIs are aimed at assisting patients for whom brain signals could form an alternative output channel as opposed to more common human output channels, like speech and moving the hands. However, brain signals (possibly in combination with other physiological signals) also form an output channel above and beyond the more usual ones: they can potentially provide continuous, online information about an individual’s cognitive and affective state without the need of conscious or effortful communication. The provided information could be used in a number of ways. Examples include monitoring cognitive workload through EEG and skin conductance for adaptive automation or using ERPs in response to errors to correct for a behavioral response. While Passive BCIs make use of online (neuro)physiological responses and close the interaction cycle between a user and a computer system, (neuro)physiological responses can also be used in an offline fashion. Examples of this include detecting amygdala responses for neuromarketing, and measuring EEG and pupil dilation as indicators of mental effort for optimizing information systems. The described field of applied (neuro)physiology can strongly benefit from high quality scientific studies that control for confounding factors and use proper comparison conditions. Another area of relevance is ethics, ranging from dubious product claims, acceptance of the technology by the general public, privacy of users, to possible effects that these kinds of applications may have on society as a whole. In this Research Topic we aimed to publish studies of the highest scientific quality that are directed towards applications that utilize spontaneously, effortlessly generated neurophysiological signals (brain and/or other physiological signals) reflecting cognitive or affective state. We especially welcomed studies that describe specific real world applications demonstrating a significant benefit compared to standard applications. We also invited original, new kinds of (proposed) applications in this area as well as comprehensive review articles that point out what is and what is not possible (according to scientific standards) in this field. Finally, we welcomed manuscripts on the ethical issues that are involved. Connected to the Research Topic was a workshop (held on June 6, during the Fifth International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting, June 3-7, 2013, Asilomar, California) that brought together a diverse group of people who were working in this field. We discussed the state of the art and formulated major challenges, as reflected in the first paper of the Research Topic.

How long is Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State?

Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State by Anne-Marie Brouwer is 316 pages long, and a total of 80,896 words.

This makes it 107% the length of the average book. It also has 99% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 22 minutes to read Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State aloud.

What Reading Level is Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State?

Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State?

Using Neurophysiological Signals that Reflect Cognitive or Affective State by Anne-Marie Brouwer is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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