How Long to Read Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology

How Long Does it Take to Read Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology?

It takes the average reader 15 hours and 29 minutes to read Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology by Tracy Alan Hall

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Velar Fronting (VF) is the name for any synchronic or diachronic phonological process shifting the velar place of articulation to the palatal region of the vocal tract. A well-known case of VF in Standard German is the rule specifying that the fricative [x] assimilates to [ç] after front segments. VF also refers to the change from velar sounds like [ɣ k g ŋ] to palatals ([ʝ c ɟ ɲ]). The book provides a thorough investigation of VF in German dialects: Data are drawn from over 300 original sources for varieties that are (or were) spoken in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and other countries. VF differs geographically along three parameters: (A) triggers, (B) targets, and (C) outputs. VF triggers (=A) are typically defined according to vowel height: In some systems VF is induced only by high front vowels, in others by high and mid front vowels, and in yet others by high, mid, and low front vowels. Some varieties treat consonants ([r l n]) as triggers, while others do not. VF can be nonassimilatory, in which case the rule applies even in the context of back segments. In many varieties of German, VF targets (=B) consist of the two fricatives [x ɣ], but in other dialects the targets comprise [x] but not [ɣ]. In some places, VF affects not only [x ɣ], but also velar stops and the velar nasal. The output of VF (=C) is typically palatal [ç] (given the input [x]), but in many other places it is the alveolopalatal [ɕ]. A major theme is the way in which VF interacts with synchronic and diachronic changes creating or eliminating structures which can potentially undergo it or trigger it. In many dialects the relationship between velars ([x]) and palatals ([ҫ]) is transparent because velars only occur in the back vowel context and palatals only when adjacent to front sounds. In that type of system, independent processes can either feed VF (by creating additional structures which the latter can undergo), or they can bleed it (by eliminating potential structures to which VF could apply). In other dialects, VF is opaque. In one opaque system, both velars ([x]) and palatals ([ҫ]) surface in the context of front segments. Thus, in addition to expected front vowel plus palatal sequences ([…iç…]), there are also unexpected ones consisting of front vowel plus velar ([…ix…]). In a second type of opaque system, velars and palatals are found in the context of back segments; hence, expected sequences such as […iç…] occur in addition to unexpected ones like […ɑç…].

How long is Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology?

Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology by Tracy Alan Hall is 922 pages long, and a total of 232,344 words.

This makes it 311% the length of the average book. It also has 284% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 21 hours and 9 minutes to read Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology aloud.

What Reading Level is Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology?

Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology?

Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology by Tracy Alan Hall is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Velar fronting in German dialects: A study in synchronic and diachronic phonology by Tracy Alan Hall on Amazon click the button below.