How Long to Read Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders

How Long Does it Take to Read Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 49 minutes to read Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders by Edouard Kurstak

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In spite of progress in biomedical research, we know little about the causes, prevention, and treatment of the numerous mental and neurological disorders that afflict up to 15% of all individuals. In the last decade, great advances have been made in the physiopathology of mental and neurological disorders, leading to at least a partial control of Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, certain psychoses, and anxiety syndromes. Despite the fact that an underlying specific neurotransmitter deficiency has been demonstrated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, the immune dysfunction and viral hypotheses continue to be attractive for investigators dealing with these degenerative diseases of the aging brain, which afflict 10% of senior citizens. A retrospective epidemiologic study suggests that the encephalitis lethargica and parkinsonism were almost certainly caused by the 1918 influenza virus pandemics. It must be stressed that the etiopathogenesis of many mental disorders is not known, and this ignorance has led to several untenable neurophysiological and biochemical hypotheses. Epidemiologic investigations show a high prevalence of functional psychoses and organic mental disorders. Although many of them are conceptualized as biopsychosocial disorders, recent data indicate that the biological component appears more and more as a major etiologic factor. Among the various biological hypotheses, the viral and im munologic concept has become a significant one. In view of recent discoveries in virology and immunity, it becomes clear that viral and immunologic hypotheses should be inves tigated more systematically concerning the mechanisms of numerous mental and neu rological disorders.

How long is Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders?

Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders by Edouard Kurstak is 457 pages long, and a total of 117,449 words.

This makes it 154% the length of the average book. It also has 144% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 41 minutes to read Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders aloud.

What Reading Level is Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders?

Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders?

Viruses, Immunity, and Mental Disorders by Edouard Kurstak is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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