How Long to Read Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945

How Long Does it Take to Read Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 7 minutes to read Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945 by Mark N. Franklin

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Voting is a habit. People learn the habit of voting, or not, based on experience in their first few elections. Elections that do not stimulate high turnout among young adults leave a 'footprint' of low turnout in the age structure of the electorate as many individuals who were new at those elections fail to vote at subsequent elections. Elections that stimulate high turnout leave a high turnout footprint. So a country's turnout history provides a baseline for current turnout that is largely set, except for young adults. This baseline shifts as older generations leave the electorate and as changes in political and institutional circumstances affect the turnout of new generations. Among the changes that have affected turnout in recent years, the lowering of the voting age in most established democracies has been particularly important in creating a low turnout footprint that has grown with each election.

How long is Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945?

Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945 by Mark N. Franklin is 298 pages long, and a total of 76,884 words.

This makes it 101% the length of the average book. It also has 94% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945 Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours to read Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945 aloud.

What Reading Level is Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945?

Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945 is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945?

Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945 by Mark N. Franklin is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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