How Long to Read Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways

How Long Does it Take to Read Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways?

It takes the average reader and 51 minutes to read Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways by Jingyi Xu

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Overexpression of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (Dyrk1a) contributes to the neurodevelopmental defects in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. WD repeat protein 68 /DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7 (Wdr68 or Dcaf7, hereafter Wdr68) functions to drive craniofacial development, and as a scaffolding protein, it interacts with Dyrk1a. Previously, in HeLa and C2C12 wdr68 knockout sublines, Western blots showed lack of Dyrk1a protein expression, relative to non-target sublines. Overexpression of Wdr68 restored Dyrk1a in wdr68 knockout cells and enhanced Dyrk1a expression in non-target sublines. qRT-PCR revealed that Wdr68 had no effect on Dyrk1a mRNA expression, therefore Wdr68 was required for Dyrk1a via a post-transcriptional mechanism. In this study, to test if overexpression of Dyrk1a will not affect Wdr68, I overexpressed Dyrk1a in HeLa non-target (NT2) cells and the expression level of Wdr68 did not change. To test if the expression level of Wdr68 directly predicts the expression level of Dyrk1a, I detected expression levels of Wdr68 and Dyrk1a from HeLa NT2 cells, HeLa wdr68 knockout cells, C2C12 NT cells, and C2C12 wdr68-knockdown cells. The results suggest a simple positive correlation between Wdr68 level and Dyrk1a level. To test if proteolytic degradation of Dyrk1a might occur in wdr68 knockout cells, I used the ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor MG132. MG132 did not restore Dyrk1a in HeLa wdr68 knockout cells. I also used autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) but CQ did not restore Dyrk1a in wdr68 knockout cells either. Taken together, these data suggest that reduced Dyrk1a expression in wdr68 knockout cells is proteasome independent.

How long is Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways?

Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways by Jingyi Xu is 51 pages long, and a total of 12,801 words.

This makes it 17% the length of the average book. It also has 16% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 9 minutes to read Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways aloud.

What Reading Level is Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways?

Wdr68 Is Required for Dyrk1a Expression Independent of Major Proteasome Pathways is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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