How Long to Read Whose Mare?

How Long Does it Take to Read Whose Mare??

It takes the average reader and 30 minutes to read Whose Mare? by Sergio Carrera (Political scientist)

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This paper examines key developments in the field of European border surveillance in the Mediterranean. By asking, 'Whose Mare?', we focus on rule of law challenges stemming from these developments in a post-Lisbon EU. The developments examined are the Italian Navy-led Mare Nostrum operation, the debates over European 'exit strategies' for this operation and the ensuing launch of the Frontex Triton joint operation (JO). The recently adopted Regulation on Frontex sea border surveillance operations is also presented as a key development to understand the rule of law challenges. Moreover, the adoption of the European Union Maritime Security Strategy (MSS) and the development of several maritime surveillance systems in the EU highlight that a wide range of actors seeks authority over this field. Although the home affairs-driven and Schengen-based cooperation in this field was initially developed in informal 'clubs', it has gradually been institutionalised and formalised in rules, competences and mandates. This cooperation is now subject to more--although still incomplete--rule of law frameworks and the involvement of the Union legislation and the Court of Justice. Moreover, it is built on a civilian law enforcement basis, thereby excluding other policy-making communities from the field of mobility surveillance. This paper argues that the adoption of the MSS signals a renewed attempt by the defence, foreign and maritime affairs policy-making communities to seek authority over this field. We understand this as a result of the 'politics of de-pillarisation' in a post-Lisbon EU. This paper presents several emerging rule of law challenges as authority over this field is often sought outside EU rule of law frameworks. As a result, the possibilities for public, parliamentary and judicial scrutiny are limited, thereby hampering the taking of responsibility for persons seeking international protection. This risks taking this field back to the days of the 'laboratory' and 'experimental governance' approaches to policy-making. The recommendations therefore highlight the need for more accountability, suggesting, inter alia, that the European Court of Auditors assesses the 'dual use' funding behind the MSS and that the Fundamental Rights Officer in Frontex scrutinises the Triton JO as a critical test case for the application of the Regulation on Frontex sea border surveillance operations.

How long is Whose Mare??

Whose Mare? by Sergio Carrera (Political scientist) is 29 pages long, and a total of 7,511 words.

This makes it 10% the length of the average book. It also has 9% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Whose Mare? Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 41 minutes to read Whose Mare? aloud.

What Reading Level is Whose Mare??

Whose Mare? is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Whose Mare??

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