How Long to Read A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa

How Long Does it Take to Read A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 21 minutes to read A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa by Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Since its discovery in 1610, Europa-one of Jupiter's four large moons-has been an object of interest to astronomers and planetary scientists. Much of this interest stems from observations made by NASA's Voyager and Galileo spacecraft and from Earth-based telescopes indicating that Europa's surface is quite young, with very little evidence of cratering, and made principally of water ice. More recently, theoretical models of the jovian system and Europa have suggested that tidal heating may have resulted in the existence of liquid water, and perhaps an ocean, beneath Europa's surface. NASA's ongoing Galileo mission has profoundly expanded our understanding of Europa and the dynamics of the jovian system, and may allow us to constrain theoretical models of Europa's subsurface structure. Meanwhile, since the time of the Voyagers, there has been a revolution in our understanding of the limits of life on Earth. Life has been detected thriving in environments previously thought to be untenable-around hydrothermal vent systems on the seafloor, deep underground in basaltic rocks, and within polar ice. Elsewhere in the solar system, including on Europa, environments thought to be compatible with life as we know it on Earth are now considered possible, or even probable. Spacecraft missions are being planned that may be capable of proving their existence. Against this background, the Space Studies Board charged its Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) to perform a comprehensive study to assess current knowledge about Europa, outline a strategy for future spacecraft missions to Europa, and identify opportunities for complementary Earth-based studies of Europa. (See the preface for a full statement of the charge.)

How long is A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa?

A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa by Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration is 81 pages long, and a total of 20,331 words.

This makes it 27% the length of the average book. It also has 25% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 51 minutes to read A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa aloud.

What Reading Level is A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa?

A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa?

A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa by Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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