How Long to Read Autophagy

By Ying Tang

How Long Does it Take to Read Autophagy?

It takes the average reader 6 hours to read Autophagy by Ying Tang

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Hyperglycemia refers to a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. A wide range of evidence has proved hyperglycemia to be a great inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), through which various processes and signaling transduction cascades are activated or inhibited. Bursts of ROS can be produced by mitochondria, NADPH oxidase, and xanthine oxidase under hyperglycemia. These excessive ROS will further cause oxidative stress and contribute to the development of hyperglycemia complications. One of the downstream processes affected by redox imbalance is autophagy. Increasing evidence shows disturbed autophagy in cell lines treated with high glucose or in animals under hyperglycemia. The signaling pathways involved in are quite controversial, however. Here, we focus on the ROS-ERK/JNK-p53 pathway and discuss its potential role in activating autophagy in the condition of hyperglycemia.

How long is Autophagy?

Autophagy by Ying Tang is 360 pages long, and a total of 90,000 words.

This makes it 121% the length of the average book. It also has 110% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Autophagy Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 8 hours and 11 minutes to read Autophagy aloud.

What Reading Level is Autophagy?

Autophagy is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.