How Long to Read Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer

How Long Does it Take to Read Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 46 minutes to read Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer by Ying Tang

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Overexpressed surface receptors/antigens on cancer cells can be targeted specifically by antibodies for radioimmunoimaging or intraoperative radioimmunodetection of cancer. In breast cancer, HER2/neu and tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) are overexpressed in 30% and 80% of patients, respectively. Their overexpression has been associated with a poor prognosis and more aggressive form of disease. The goal of this research was to construct Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies directed against HER2/neu or TAG-72 for radioimmunoimaging and intraoperative radioimmunodetection of breast cancer. Fab fragments of the anti-HER2/neu monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin RTM) were prepared by proteolysis of intact trastuzumab IgG and subsequently radiolabeled with 99mTc or 111In for tumor localization studies in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous HER2/neu-positive BT-474 breast cancer xenografts. Trastuzumab Fab was immunoreactive toward HER2/neu with a 2-4 fold higher Kd compared with intact trastuzumab IgG (1.4-3.6 x 10-8 M vs. 4.7-14 x 10-9 M, respectively). Both 99mTc- and 111In-trastuzumab Fab localized avidly and specifically in BT-474 xenografts. 99mTc-trastuzumab Fab was useful for imaging HER2/neu overexpression at early time points, i.e. up to 24 hours post-injection. Small BT-474 tumor xenografts (approximately 3-5 mm) were clearly visualized by gamma-scintigraphy as early as 2-6 hours after injection of 99mTc-trastuzumab Fab. 111In-trastuzumab Fab was useful for visualizing the BT-474 xenografts at later times, i.e. up to 72 hours post-injection. At this point, tumor uptake and the tumor-to-blood (T/B) ratio reached 7.8% ID/g and 25:1, respectively. Immunoreactive recombinant Fab (rFab) of anti-TAG-72 monoclonal antibody CC49 was produced by cloning the genes of Fab from CC49 hybridoma cells and subsequent expression in Pichia pastoris. rFab was purified by affinity chromatography to homogeneity. 123I-rFab accumulated specifically in TAG-72-positive LS 174T colon cancer xenografts in athymic mice, evidenced by its 18-fold greater tumor uptake of 123I-rFab in LS 174T xenografts than in TAG-72-negative A375 tumors (6.0 vs. 0.3% ID/g at 24 hours post-injection). 123I-rFab was rapidly cleared from the blood and normal tissues, allowing LS 174T xenografts to be visualized by gamma-scintigraphy as early as 2 hours post-injection. These promising results suggest that trastuzumab Fab and CC49 rFab may be useful for radioimmunoimaging or intraoperative radio immunodetection of breast cancer.

How long is Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer?

Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer by Ying Tang is 278 pages long, and a total of 71,724 words.

This makes it 94% the length of the average book. It also has 88% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 31 minutes to read Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer aloud.

What Reading Level is Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer?

Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer?

Fab Fragments of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against HER2/neu Or Tumor-associated Glycoprotein-72 for Radioimmunodetection of Breast Cancer by Ying Tang is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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