How Long to Read Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor

How Long Does it Take to Read Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 31 minutes to read Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor by William Lazonick

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

William Lazonick explores how technological change has interacted with the organization of work, with major consequences for national competitiveness and industrial leadership. Looking at Britain, the United States, and Japan from the nineteenth century to the present, he explains changes in their status as industrial superpowers. Lazonick stresses the importance for industrial leadership of cooperative relations between employers and shop-floor workers. Such relations permit employers to use new technologies to their maximum potential, which in turn transforms the high fixed costs inherent in these technologies into low unit costs and large market shares. Cooperative relations can also lead employers to invest in the skills of workers themselves--skills that enable shop-floor workers to influence quality as well as quantity of production. To build cooperative shop-floor relations, successful employers have been willing to pay workers higher wages than they could have secured elsewhere in the economy. They have also been willing to offer workers long-term employment security. These policies, Lazonick argues, have not come at the expense of profits but rather have been a precondition for making profits. Focusing particularly on the role of labor-management relations in fostering "flexible mass production" in Japan since the 1950s, Lazonick criticizes those economists and politicians who, in the face of the Japanese challenge, would rely on free markets alone to restore the international competitiveness of industry in Britain and the United States.

How long is Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor?

Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor by William Lazonick is 444 pages long, and a total of 112,776 words.

This makes it 150% the length of the average book. It also has 138% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 16 minutes to read Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor aloud.

What Reading Level is Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor?

Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor?

Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor by William Lazonick is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor by William Lazonick on Amazon click the button below.