How Long to Read Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation

How Long Does it Take to Read Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 44 minutes to read Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation by Craig Boardman

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

At a time when scientific and technical innovation now requires a multitude of heterogeneous inputs and expertise from the public and private sectors alike, cooperative research centers (CRCs) have emerged as the predominant vehicle for cross-sector collaboration. In the U.S. alone, there are thousands of CRCs on university campuses, and agencies like the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, and more recently the Department of Energy fund CRCs to address some of the nation’s most formidable challenges with science and technology, including cancer and other diseases, terrorism surveillance and the detection of weapons of mass destruction, and new energy technologies and smart energy grid development. Industry oftentimes participates in CRCs for access to knowledge, capacity development, and to mitigate risk. This volume includes research investigating CRCs from North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia to explore the dynamics of CRCs, including but not limited to resource allocation, structure, level of sponsorship, organization and membership, management and operations, objectives and goals, and in doing so identifies both differences and similarities across institutional and national contexts. The volume sheds light on the role of CRCs in promoting innovation, S&T policy, and economic development, and on the practical aspects of successful CRC management. Moreover, the works included in the volume consider the implications for the various stakeholder groups (firms, universities, researchers, students, policymakers) invested in CRCs.

How long is Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation?

Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation by Craig Boardman is 336 pages long, and a total of 86,016 words.

This makes it 113% the length of the average book. It also has 105% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 50 minutes to read Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation aloud.

What Reading Level is Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation?

Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation?

Cooperative Research Centers and Technical Innovation by Craig Boardman is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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